CHARACTERIZATION OF PRODUCED BIODEGRADABLE BRAKE-PAD FROM WASTE COCONUT FRUIT FIBER AND OYSTER SEA SHELLS AS REINFORCEMENT MATERIALS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v18i2pp043-057Keywords:
thermogravimetric analysis, coefficient of friction, wear rate, coconut fruit fiber, oyster sea shell.Abstract
In the present research, organic materials (coconut fruit fibres CFF and oyster sea shells OSS) were used as a substitute for asbestos materials. The waste CFF and OSS were washed, crushed, grounded, and sieved to different sizes. The sieved CFF and OSS as reinforcement materials were prepared in three different levels, K1, K2, and K3, with addictive such as phenolic resin, graphite, copper, and hardener. Level K1 has 50% of OSS and 0% of CFF, K2 has 50% of CFF and 50% of OSS, while K3 has 50% of CFF and 0% of OSS. The prepared levels were moulded in clean metal moulding plates up to twenty-seven (27) runs using the Box Behnken Design technic of four factors and three levels. The 27 produced brake pads and commercial brake pad CBP were tested in a laboratory to determine their characterization, such as; thermal conductivity, thermos gravimetric analysis (TGA) and wear rate. The characterization of the produced brake pad has a related standard brake pad coefficient of friction of 0.3 – 0.45 while that of produced brake pad PBP has the lowest TGA of S3232 - 25.44% than CBP 41.90% and PBP of S3122 has the lowest wear rate of 3.17 than CBP 3.92g. From the evaluation, the PBP were superior and performed best in braking application.
Downloads
References
R.O. Edokpia et al., "Experimental study of the properties of brake pad using eggshell particles-Gum Arabic composites," Journal of the Chinese Advanced Materials Society, vol. 4, pp. 172-184, 2015.
J. Kukutschová et al., "Wear performance and wear debris of semi-metallic automotive brake materials," Wear, vol. 268, pp. 86-93, 2010.
C. Pinca-Bretotean et al., "Laboratory testing of brake pads made of organic materials intended for small and medium vehicles," Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 393, pp. 1-7, 2018.
D.-A. Bashar et al., "Material selection and production of a cold-worked composite brake pad," World J. Eng. Pure Appl. Sci., vol. 2, pp. 96, 2012.
R. Yun et al., "Application of extension evaluation method in development of novel eco-friendly brake materials," SAE Int J Mater Manuf, vol. 2, pp. 1-7, 2010.
J.P. Blau, "Compositions, functions and testing of friction brake materials and their additives. A report by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for U.S. Dept. of Energy 2001, 78-80." [Online]. Available: http://www.Ornl.-gov/webworks/cppr/y2001/rpt/112956.pdf [February 2015].
S.J. Eziwhuo et al., "Evaluation of apricot kernel, avocado and African pear seed oils as vegetable-based cutting fluids in turning AISI 1020 steel," IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN), vol. 09, no. 3, pp. 10-19, March 2019.
D. Chan and G.W. Stachowiak, "Review of automotive brake friction materials," Proc Inst Mech Eng Part D J Automob Eng, vol. 218, pp. 953-966, 2004.
B.D. Garg et al., "Brake wear particulate matter emissions," Environ Sci Technol, vol. 34, pp. 4463-4469, 2000.
A. Borawski, "Suggested research method for testing selected tribological properties of friction components in vehicle braking systems," Acta Mechanica et Automatica, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 223-226, 2016.
K. Kulikowski and D. Szpica, "Determination of directional stiffnesses of vehicles' tires under a static load operation," Maintenance and Reliability, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 66-72, 2014.
J. Wahlstrom, "Towards a simulation methodology for prediction of airborne wear particles from disc brakes: licentiate thesis. Department of Machine Design, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, ISBN 978-91-7415-391-0," 2009.
C.V. Ossia and A. Big-Alabo, "Development and characterization of green automotive brake pads from waste shells of giant African snail (Achatina achatina L.)," The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 2021, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07085-4.
S.J. Eziwhuo and T. Joseph, "Performance evaluation of non-edible vegetable seed oil as cutting fluid in metal turning operation," World Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (WJERT), vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 354-366, 2020.
T. Mutuk and M. Gurbuz, "Effect of pure titanium particle size on density, hardness, wear resistance, and microstructure properties," Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals (JMMM), vol. 29, no. 03, pp. 54-59, 2019.
J. Abutu et al., "Production and characterization of brake pad developed from coconut shell reinforcement material using central composite design," SN Applied Sciences, vol. 1, no. 18, 2019.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
