ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF CHEMICALLY ACTIVATED CARBON COMPOSITES FROM AGROWASTES OF PALM KERNEL AND COCONUT SHELLS

Authors

  • Leonard Maduabuchi Akuwueke Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of PortHarcourt
  • Ossia Chinwuba Victor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  • Nwosu Ugochukwu Harold Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v17i1pp008-019

Keywords:

Agrowastes, Activated Carbon, Composites, Physicomechanical Properties, Engineering Applications

Abstract

Epoxy/activated carbon composites of particle sizes (60, 105, 150μm) and reinforcement weight percentages of (2, 4, 6 and 8) have been developed and evaluated for engineering applications. The physicomechanical properties were determined according to ASTM standard methods. Density decreased with an increase in reinforcement weight percentage. 2% weight increment of the particle sizes of the chemically activated carbon fillers yielded tensile and flexural strengths higher than that of the selected commercial brake pads (CB1) and (CB2), with the tensile strength of 4.84 and 6.58MPa, the flexural strength of 12.84 and 21.61MPa respectively while the hardness results compared well with the commercial brake pads samples. In general, from the standpoint of its tensile strength, %elongation at break, flexural strength, and hardness properties, these new formulations can find applications in aerospace and automobile industries where lightweight, high strength materials are sought after, hence a potential organic friction lining precursor for brake pad manufacture.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, A.; Jamaludin, S. B.; Noor, M. M. and Hussin, K. (2011), Composite cement reinforced coconut fibre: physical and mechanical properties and fracture behavior. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(7), 1228-1240.

Agunsoye, J.; Olumuyiwa, T. S. and Issac, S. O. S. (2012), Study of mechanical behavior of Coconut Shell reinforced Polymer matrix composites. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, .774-779.

Andrzej, K. and Abdullah, A. (2010), Barley Husk and Coconut Shell Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: The Effect of Fiber Physical, Chemical and Surface Properties, Composites Science and Technology, vol. 70, No. 5, 840-846.

Banakar, P.; Shivananda, H. K., and Niranjan, H. B. (2012), Influence of fiber orientation and thickness on tensile properties of laminated polymeric composites. International Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences & Technology, 9(1), 61-68.

Brahmakumar, M.; Pavithran, C. and Pillai, R. M. (2005), Coconut Fiber Reinforced Polyethylene Composites: Effect of Natural Waxy Surface Layer of the Fiber on Fiber/Matrix Interfacial Bonding and Strength of Composites. Composites Science and Technology, vol. 65, No. 3-4, .563-569.

Chawla, N. and Shen, Y.L. (2001), Mechanical Behavior of Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites. Adv. Eng. Mater., 3, 357–370.

Chen, Z. and Tokaji, K. (2004), Effects of particle size on fatigue crack initiation and small crack growth in SiC particulate-reinforced aluminum alloy composites. Mater. Lett., 58, 2314–2321.

Chua, K. W.; Abdollah, M. F. B.; Ismail, N., and Amiruddin, H. (2014), Potential of palm kernel activated carbon epoxy (PKAC-E) composite as solid lubricant: Effect of load on friction and wear properties. Jurnal Tribologi, 2, 31-38.

Han-Seung, Y.; Hyun-Joong, K.; Jungil, S.; Hee-Jun, P.; Bum-Jae, L. and Taek-Sung, H. (2004), Rice husk flour filled polypropylene composites; mechanical and morphological study. Elsevier Composite Structures 63, 305–312.

Hubalovsky, S. (2013), Modeling, simulation and visualization of static mechanical properties of frame of elevator cab. International Journal of Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, 7(6), 666-675.

Husseinsyah, S. and Mostapha, M. (2011), The effect of filler content on properties of coconut shell filled polyester composites, Malaysian Polymer Journal, vol. 6, No. 1, 87-97.

Jun, Y. J.; Tae, K. J.; Hwa, J. O.; Jae, R. Y. and Young, S. S. (2011), Thermal Stability and Flammability of Coconut Fiber Reinforced Poly (Lactic Acid) Composites, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 43, No. 5. 2434-2438.

Manocha, S. (2003), Porous carbons. Sadhana. Vol. 28 (1 & 2), 335–348.

Monteiro, S. N.; Terrones, L. A. H. and D’Almeida, J. R. M. (2008), Mechanical Performance of Coir Fiber/Polyester Composites, Polymer Testing, vol. 27, No. 5, 591- 595.doi:10.1016/j.Polymertesting.2008.03.003.

Muhamad, N. B., Amiruddin I. and Riza, A. R. (2010), Evaluation of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) on Asphalt Mixtures, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(10), 5456- 5463.

Mushtaq, S. and Wani, M. F. (2017), Self-lubricating tribological characterization of lead-free Fe-Cu based plain bearing material, Jurnal Tribologi, 12, 18-37.

Nwaobakata, C. and Agunwamba, J. C. (2014), Effect of palm kernel shells ash as filler on the mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt, Archives of Applied Science Research, 6(5), 42-49.

Sapuan, S. M.; Harimi, M., and Maleque, M. A. (2003), Mechanical Properties of Epoxy/Coconut shell Filler Particle Composites, The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 28, No. 2B.

Sun, C.; Song, M.; Wang, Z. and He, Y. (2011), Effect of Particle Size on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of SiC-Reinforced Pure Aluminum Composites, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 20, 1606–1612.

Tahir, N. A. M.; Abdollah, M. F. B.; Hasan, R. and Amiruddin, H. (2016), The effect of sliding distance at different temperatures on the tribological properties of a palm kernel activated carbon–epoxy composite. Tribology International, 94, 352-359.

Uygunoglu, T.; Gunes, I. and Brostow, W. (2015), Physical and mechanical properties of polymeric composites with high content of wastes including boron, Materials Research, 18(6), 1188-1196.

Wang W., and Huang, G. (2009), Characterization and Utilization of Natural Coconut Fibers Composites, Materials and Design, vol. 30, No. 7, 2741-2744.

Yang, Z.; Fan, J.; Liu, Y.; Nie, J.; Yang, Z. and Kang, Y. (2021), Effect of the Particle Size and Matrix Strength on Strengthening and Damage Process of the Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites, Materials, 14, 675.

Yang, Z.; Fan, J.; Liu, Y.; Nie, J.; Yang, Z. and Kang, Y. (2021), Strengthening and Weakening Effects of Particles on Strength and Ductility of SiC Particle Reinforced Al-Cu-Mg Alloys Matrix Composites, Materials, 14, 1219, 2-11. doi.org/10.3390 /ma14051219.

Downloads

Published

2022-03-01

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

[1]
“ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF CHEMICALLY ACTIVATED CARBON COMPOSITES FROM AGROWASTES OF PALM KERNEL AND COCONUT SHELLS”, JME, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 008–019, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.37255/jme.v17i1pp008-019.

Similar Articles

81-90 of 539

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.